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This chapter summarizes the issues around the biogeochemical cycle of P, the drivers of soil P bioavailability for crops, and the possible means for the sustainable management of their P nutrition. Many soils of tropical regions are P-Iimiting, due to their high P fixation capacity and low P content. Rock phosphate resources that are used to make P fertilizers are finite, which questions the sustainability of P fertilization at the global level. The consequent increase of P fertilizer priees is a major limitation for P fertilization in developing countries. Making use of ail the P resources (rocks, wastes and effluents) that are available locally and implementing and ecological intensification of agroecosystems are thus necessary. The latter is based on better exploiting crop diversity, through breeding P-efficient crop genotypes, and using crop rotations or intercropping systems that make better use of the various pools of soil P, both organic and inorganic. Making use of organic inputs as alternative sources of P, or biofertilizers (microbial inoculants), is also part of the strategy. It is necessary to preserve the P resources in tropical soils and minimize the erosion losses through developing approaches such as conservation agriculture.

Chapitre 26. Les enjeux liés au phosphore dans les sols tropicaux