English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Influenza viruses cause an acute respiratory illness which leads to severe illness or death 1) , and influenza epidemics and pandemics are serious public health problem worldwide 2,3) . In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 5-10% of adults and 20-30% of children are infected with influenza annually 4) . An infection rate >5% is clinically meaningful, and so the prevention of influenza is important to reduce severe illness and death. There are several measures to prevent influenza infection, including vaccination and the use of the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir 5,6) . Clinical trials have shown the efficacy of these measures and meta-analyses has confirmed them 5,6) , however, these pharmaceutical measures have several limitations. A strain-specific effect and limited supply of vaccine has been reported 5,7,8) , and neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant viruses are also known to exist 9,10) . The mechanisms of drug resistance have been investigated and partially revealed, but novel drugs for influenza infection and/or prevention has not been developed 10) . Consequently, nonpharmaceutical public health measures are also important for infection control. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures include hand hygiene and the use of face masks 11,12) . These have potential as effective preventive measures, but studies have indicated that only the combination of these measures has a significant preventive effect, and the individual measures were insufficient on their own. It is therefore imperative to improve the efficacy of these non-pharmaceutical public health measures so that they may be used effectively in real-world settings. The health benefits of catechins, the bioactive compounds in tea leaves 13) , have been reported from both experimental and clinical studies 14−17) . Epigallocatechin gallate is the most abundant catechin and has been extensively studied, and its antiinfluenza effects have been reported both in experimental and clinical studies 13,18−21) . An experimental study using MadinDarby canine kidney epithelial cells revealed that epigallocatechin gallate is able to inhibit the infectivity of both influenza A and B viruses 19) . Another study has indicated growth inhibitory effects 20) , and structure-activity relationships have been reported 22,23) . A meta-analysis suggested that gargling with tea or its ingredients may have preventive effects of influenza infection 17) . The anti-influenza effects of epigallocatechin gallate could contribute to the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical public health measures, but this has not been conclusively shown in clinical settings. 臨床薬理 Jpn J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 47(6): 229-234 229

<b>Effects of Catechin-Treated Masks on the Prevention of Influenza Infection: An Exploratory Randomized Study </b>