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Muthuwatta, L.P., 2014. Integrating Water Resources Modelling and Remote Sensing in Karkheh River Basin, Iran. Doctoral thesis, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands. In many river basins lack of data often hampers the judicious management of water resources. In this study remote sensing images and a hydrological model were used concurrently to help fill this gap. The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) was used to estimate spatial and temporal variability of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) for the various land covers in the basin. A semi-distributed Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdeling (HBV) rainfallrunoff model is selected to simulate streamflow at sub-basin outlets. This study was conducted in the Karkheh River Basin, located in southwestern Iran. For the estimation of ETa, 19 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images covering the basin from November 2002 to October 2003 were used. The results show that about 16,680 × 106 m3 of water evapotranspired. A geo-statistical approach was used to estimate precipitation for the same period and accumulatedto 18,507 × 106 m3. As such, these estimations showed that about 90% of the water received from precipitation evapotranspired, annual outflow from the basin is less than 8% of the total precipitation and about 2% could flow to the sink where it is unaccounted for. This indicates that the basin is water scarce. The water consumed by various land covers shows marked variations. Rainfed areas consume about 3,720 × 106 m3 y-1 of water whereas irrigated areas consume about 2,680 × 106 m3 y-1. Total water consumption by forest areas is about 2,070 × 106 m3 y-1, which is mainly in the middle of the basin. Rangelands, which are scattered mainly over the Upper Karkheh, consume about 3,360 × 106 m3 y-1. A method is presented in this study to estimate daily ETa time series by using gap filling procedure for the missing satellite data. Comparison of daily ETa values of SEBS and the new method shows that Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) ranges from 0.31-0.53 mm d-1. Further, comparison of total ETa at sub-catchment scale using two methods for the one-year period shows less than 10% difference for all sub-catchments. The HBV model serves for multi-variable calibration using streamflow data and ETa time series estimates based on remote sensing data. Single variable calibration showed that the model simulates the streamflow well but fails to simulate satellite based ETa. Results by multi-variable calibration showed that

Integrating water resources modelling and remote sensing in Karkeh River Basin, Iran