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The Spanish merchant marine was subordinated to the navy, in many aspects, between the early sixteenth century and the second half of the twentieth century. The main reason was the need to control the workforce from the merchant navy to man warships or to nourish State arsenals. Thus, the collective of seamen was subordinated to naval control. This supervision was exercised primarily through an institution, the Matrícula de Mar. It had a heavy effect on the merchant seamen: closed shop for Spanish seamen, control over the labour market, discipline control, a special naval jurisdiction for seamen, etc. It explains the main characteristics of life and work on board in the Merchant Marine in contemporary times. This article analyses the effect of this naval control over an essentially civilian economic sector and the struggle to separate the civil and the military way of administrate the maritime affairs. It also provides examples of the control over the workers exercised by the Navy

«La hermana mayor»: las difíciles relaciones entre la marina mercante española y la Armada (1802-1932)