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11 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables.[EN] A new cyprinid species endemic to western Portugal, Chondrostoma occidentale sp. n., is described based on fish collected in the small costal drainages of the Rivers Alcabrichel, Sizandro and Safarujo. The new species belongs to a monophyletic clade that also includes C. oligolepis and C. arcasii, with which it shares many molecular and morphological features. However, it can be distinguished from these two Chondrostoma species by a combination of the following characters: 40-43 (x = 40.9) canaliculate scales on the lateral line; 6-7 (x = 6.9) above the lateral line; 2-3 (x = 2.9) scales below the lateral line. The axilary pelvic scale is smaller than or at most equal to the base of the pelvic fin. The coronoid process of the dentary is very thick. The minimum divergence distances in cytochrome b between C. occidentale and C. oligolepis and C. arcasii was “p” = 4.8-5.9%. This new species should be considered Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories.[ES] Se describe una nueva especie de ciprínido endémico del oeste de Portugal, Chondrostoma occidentale sp. n., sobre la base de peces colectados en las pequeñas cuencas costeras de los ríos Alcabrichel, Sizandro y Safarujo. La nueva especie comparte algunas características geneticas y morfologicas con C. oligolepis y C. arcasii con los cuales forma un grupo monofiletico. Se puede diferenciar de estas dos especies de Chondrostoma por una combinación de los siguientes caracteres: 40-43 (x = 40,9) escamas acanaladas en la línea lateral; 6-7 (x = 6,9) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 2-3 (x = 2,9) por debajo de la línea lateral. La escama axilar es más corta o igual a la inserción de la aleta pelviana. El proceso coronoideo del dentario es muy robusto. La mínima distancia de divergencia para el citocromo b entre C. occidentale y otras especies de Chondrostoma fue de “p”= 4,8-5,9%. Esta nueva especie debe ser considerada En Peligro Crítico (CR) de acuerdo con las categorías de la lista Roja de la UICN.This study was funded\udby the projects “Evolution of feeding and agonistic behaviour\udin cyprinid fishes of the genus Chondrostoma” (funded\udby ISPA) and Plurianual Program (Fundação para a Ciência e\udTecnologia, FCT, UI&D 331/94, partially FEDER funded). C.\udSousa Santos was also supported by a grant from FCT\ud(SFRH/BD/8320/2002). J.I. Robalo and C. Sousa Santos benefited\udfrom grants from BiodIberia during the development of\udthis study.Peer reviewe

New species of the genus <i>Chondrostoma</i> Agassiz, 1832 (Actynopterigii, Cyprinidae) from western Portugal