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This paper examines some incidents of a modern industrial system in the Mexican agrarian landscapes of the central highlands, some time before Antunano inaugurated his modern factory “La Constancia Mexicana”(1835), up until the beginning of the new industrial “boom” of the 1880’s. The paper contenas that the rural, handmade “pre-industrial” system coexisted without any problem with a “proto-industrial” extra-regional market system, and also with a very original manufacturing system throughout the XIXth century. There were many transitions to modern factory systems, with a common persistent financialcredit penury that forced many businessmen to lease lands, waters and mills to build or to adapt modern factories as marginal and typically lessee business, as compared with other mercantile activities during a period that runs from 1780 to the 1880’s.

El carácter marginal y arrendatario del sistema de fábrica en paisajes agrarios mexicanos, 1780-1880