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UDC 556.34(497.47) Metka Petrič, Nataša Ravbar, Luca Zini, Chiara Calligaris, Riccardo Corazzi, Zdenka Žitko, Marco Restaino & Martin Knez: Determining the directions and characteristics of underground water flow in karst for the purpose of traffic routes construction: the case of the new Divača-Koper railway line (SW Slovenia) The new railway line between Divača and Koper/Capodistria in south-western Slovenia is being built, a part of which crosses the southern outskirts of the Classical Karst plateaux. It will run through two tunnels, the northern tunnel T1 (6.7 km long) and the southern T2 (6 km long), which partially cross karst aquifer system. A multi-tracer test with injections of fluorescent dyes uranine and naphthionate, bypassing the karst vadose zone, was carried out to define the directions and dynamics of the underground water flow. The main goals were better understanding of the complex hydrogeological conditions in the area and assessment of possible environmental impacts on the nearby water sources. With tracing of uranine injected into a nearby cave stream, the direction of flow from the northern T1 tunnel mainly towards the Reka-Timavo aquifer system and further towards the Timava/Timavo springs was proved. The peak velocities, as determined from the peaks of the tracer breakthrough curves, range from 29 m/h to 36 m/h. Through Izvleček UDK 556.34(497.47) Metka Petrič, Nataša Ravbar, Luca Zini, Chiara Calligaris, Riccardo Corazzi, Zdenka Žitko, Marco Restaino & Martin Knez: Določitev smeri in značilnosti toka podzemne vode v krasu za namen izgradnje prometnih poti: primer nove železniške proge Divača‒Koper (JZ Slovenija) Med Divačo in Koprom v jugozahodni Sloveniji je v izgradnji nova železniška proga, ki deloma seka južno obrobje planote matičnega krasa. Proga ima dva predora, severni T1 (dolg 6,7 km) in južni T2 (dolg 6 km), ki potekata skozi kraški vodonosnik. Za določitev smeri in dinamike toka podzemne vode je bil izveden kombinirani sledilni poskus z injiciranjem fluorescenčnih sledil uranina in naftionata neposredno v zasičeno cono. Glavna cilja sta bila boljše razumevanje zapletenih hidrogeoloških razmer na tem območju in ocena možnih okoljskih vplivov na bližnje vodne vire. Z injiciranjem uranina v vodni tok v bližnji kraški jami je bila dokazana smer toka podzemne vode z območja severnega predora T1 predvsem proti vodonosnemu sistemu Reka-Timava in naprej proti izvirom Timave. Glede na pojav vrha krivulje iztekanja sledila so bile določene navidezne dominantne hitrosti med 29 m/h in 36 m/h. V večjih in dobro povezanih kraških kanalih sistema Reka-Timava lahko te hitrosti dosežejo 88  m/h. V Jami 1 v Kanjaducah, ki je del sistema, je bilo zaznanih približno 74 % injiciranega sledila. 1 ZRC SAZU, Karst Research Institute, Titov trg 2, 6230 Postojna, Slovenia; metka.petric@zrc-sazu.si, natasa.ravbar@zrc-sazu.si, martin.knez@zrc-sazu.si 2 UNESCO Chair on Karst Education, University of Nova Gorica, Glavni trg 8, 5271 Vipava, Slovenia 3 Department of Mathematics and Earth Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy; zini@units.it, calligar@ units.it 4 Caving club Commissione Grotte “E. Boegan” Società Alpina delle Giulie CAI Trieste, via Donota 2, 34121 Trieste, Italy; corazzi@iname.com 5 Speleological Association of Slovenia, Lepi pot 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; tajnistvo@jamarska-zveza.si 6 Caving club Società Adriatica di Speleologia, Via Rossetti 59A, 34141 Trieste, Italy; marco.restaino@yahoo.it * Corresponding author Received/Prejeto: 19.04.2020 DOI: 10.3986/ac.v49i1.8582 ACTA CARSOLOGICA 49/1, 63-80, POSTOJNA 2020 COBISS: 1.01

acta carsologica

Determining the directions and characteristics of underground water flow in karst for the purpose of traffic routes construction: the case of the new Divača-Koper railway line (SW Slovenia)