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The clinical and biological differences between Japanese and Caucasian chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) characterized by a progressive accumulation of immunologically incompetent mature-appearing lymphocytes with CD5+ B-cell immunophenotype have been reviewed.The following four items have been discussed; 1) the quite different incidence of CLL morbidity in Japanese and Caucasian, approximately 0.1 vs 15 per millions; 2) the different frequency of CLL subtype, atypical CLL of CLL/PL and CLL mixed inclusive of cases with aberrant immunophenotypes such as CD5 negative are relatively high in Japan; 3) the different autoimmune complications in race such as hemolytic anemia with positive antiglobulin test; and 4) biomolecularly characterization of CLL cells derived Japanese and Caucasian cases, suggesting different usage of IgH VH genes in race.Conclusively, little differences of CLL between different races but the incidence were able to be pointed out. Elucidating its different incidence would provide a new insight to disclose carcinogenesis of CLL.

The Clinical and Biological Differences between Japanese and Caucasian Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.