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Layered nanocomposites of V1.67Ti0.33O5±δ·nH2O gels are synthesized by using sol-gel technology. Then an aqueous solution of hydroquinone (HQ) was mixed with the formed gel in molar ratio 0.33 : 1 and 0.17 : 1 respectively. In this way the V1.67Ti0.33O5±δ·nH2O / 2HQ and V1.67Ti0.33O5±δ·nH2O / HQ gels were synthesized. The valences of vanadium and titanium ions in the investigated compounds are studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) before and after etching the samples with Ar ions for 15 min (3 keV, current density 10 μA cm). XPS analysis results show that independent of the hydroquinone intercalation degree (one or two hydroquinone) and Ar ion etching the ions of titanium are in stable 4+ states. Vanadium ions in all cases (one or two hydroquinone, before and after etching) are in V, V, and V states. The increase in quantity of hydroquinone in the samples leads to higher concentration of V and V ions. The concentrations of lower valence vanadium ions increase after Ar ion etching of the samples.

XPS study of V1.67Ti0.33O5±δ·nH2O xerogels intercalated with hydroquinone

XPS study of V_1.67Ti_0.33O_5±δ·nH₂O xerogels intercalated with hydroquinone