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The chemosensitivity of 23 human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (9 pharyngeal, 5 laryngeal, 5 oral cavity, 2 maxillary sinus, 1 salivary gland, 1 cervical esophagus) were examined using subrenal capsule (SRC) assays against 5-FU, FT, UFT and HCFU. Assays adequate for evaluation were obtained in 19 of 23 cases and the averages of tumor size changes on day 6 were, 17.3% for control, -0.8% for 5-FU, 10.3% for FT, -10.4% for UFT and 2.4% for HCFU. Sensitivity rates for each drug were 26.3% for 5-FU, 6.3% for FT, 38.9% for UFT and 11.1% for HCFU. To evaluate the clinical utility of these anticancer drugs, we determined the therapeutic index (TI), the ratio between tumor chemosensitivity and changes in animal body weight as a criterion for toxicity. The mean values of TI were 0.891 for control, 0.989 for 5-FU, 0.944 for FT, 1.054 for UFT and 0.980 for HCFU. UFT showed a greater antineoplastic effect as compared to the other three agents. Immunohistochemical study of the transplanted tumors revealed a specific antigen staining pattern similar to that observed in the original human cancer tissues. Degeneration of tumor tissues in drug-treated animals was also confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. Based on the results obtained from subrenal capsule assays, either by examining tumor size changes or evaluating TI, UFT proved to be the most effective of the 5-FU analogues against human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

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Chemosensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using subrenal capsule assay. Comparative assay of 5-FU, FT, UFT, and HCFU and immunohistochemical study.