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The effect of 10% CO2 (in air) and apnea on cochlear blood flow (CBF) and middle ear blood flow (MEBF), capillary vessel diameters and blood pressure (BP) were investigated in guinea pigs. Intravital microscopic techniques (IVM) using video system, and laser Doppler flowmetry (LD) were used. MEBF was measured in the blood vessels of the middle ear mucosa over the cochlea and CBF was measured in the lateral wall vessels in the second or third cochlear turn. During 10% CO2 respiration for 10 min, the highest vessel diameter dilated about 11% in the middle ear and 5% in the cochlea. During 5 minutes apnea, the highest vessel diameter constricted about 30% in the middle ear and 5% in the cochlea. Elevation of PCO2 dilate blood vessels with constant PO2, but constriction of blood vessels as observed in extremely low PO2 range even if PCO2 was elevated. The ratio of the change in blood flow volume to the change in BP was obtained after the change in blood flow volume was calculated from blood flow velocity and blood vessel diameter. The mean change of ratio in MEBF was a 10% decrease with 10% CO2, 28% decrease with apnea in IVM. The mean change of ratio in CBF was a 44% increase with 10% CO2, 14% increase with apnea in IVM, 67% increase with 10% CO2, 42% increase with apnea, in LD. The change of CBF in LD was about 20% larger than in IVM. Our results showed that CBF belonging to vertebral artery system was more strongly maintained in association with autoregulation even under conditions of low PO2 or high PCO2 compared to MEBF in the external carotid artery system. It was suggested that blood flow behavior was significantly different between the middle ear and inner ear.

The Effect of CO2 and Apnea on Cochlear and Middle Ear Blood Flow in Guinea Pigs.