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A library of ABAQUS user elements has been developed for the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete structures. The library includes elements for the modelling of the hysteretic behaviour of reinforced concrete beams, columns and walls. As numerical example the user elements were used for the seismic analysis of a six-storey reinforced concrete building with different configurations of the load-bearing system. The results of the analyses are presented in the form of a video animation showing the dynamic behaviour of the structures during the earthquake. INTRODUCTION For the numerical analysis of reinforced concrete structures under seismic action a software tool is necessary which properly simulates the hysteretic behaviour of the plastic hinges in walls and frames. A thorough evaluation of existing finite element programs for nonlinear dynamics led to the development of ABAQUS user elements for the modelling of the plastic hinge zones (Wenk, Bachmann, 1991). These elements, treating the cyclic behaviour of plastic hinge zones in reinforced concrete beams, columns, and structural walls are presented in this paper. The user elements were developed for the verification of the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete buildings designed according to the capacity design method (Paulay, Bachmann, and Moser, 1990). Briefly explained, this method focuses on the establishment of clearly defined plastic 685 hinge zones, the proper detailing of these, and the protection of the remaining elastic parts of the building against yielding. To show the applicability of the user element, nonlinear dynamic analyses of a series of twodimensional frame wall buildings were carried out (Bachmann, Wenk, and Linde 1992). The analysis results of one of these buildings is presented here as numerical example.

User Elements Developed for the Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures