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Soil compaction modifies the pore system, often in the sense of degrading or destroying the soil structure. As a consequence, not only the soil mechanical parameters like the pre-consolidation load or bulk density are being changed, but also the transport properties of the pore system. Compaction induced changes of water infiltrability and availability of water and air to plants and microorganisms may hamper the functioning of the soil environment. We studied the effects of the mechanical impact applied by a sugar beet harvester on soil porosity, bulk density and on the water infiltration regime under field conditions on a sandy loam in Switzerland. Three treatments were compared: multiple vehicle passage, single passage and control (no traffic). Bulk density, total porosity and macroporosity were determined in the laboratory. In the field, a dye tracer solution was homogeneously applied onto the plots of the three treatments. Vertical profiles were prepared and color slide pictures taken with a normal photographic camera. The images were processed by digital image analysis in order to analyze the spatial distribution of the stained areas. An obvious effect of the mechanical impact was an increase of preferential flow. The water was ponding on the soil surface of the trafficked plots and funneled into preferential flow ports, mainly worm burrows. Wetting of the main root

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Analysis of flow patterns: the influence of soil compaction and soil structure on the infiltration pathways of dye tracer solutions and the quantitative evaluation of flow patterns