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Blood transfusion, injury with a blood-contaminated needle, and sexual contact with chronic carriers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) seem to be important routes of HCV transmission. We previously reported the house hold contact seems to be a route of transmission. In this study, the comparison of the incidences among the HCV RNA in serum and saliva of the anti-HCV positive patients, by the method of polymerase chain reaction. HCV RNA was detected not only in the serum, but also in the saliva, especially in the saliva of patients with active liver disease, and post-transfusion hepatitis. The viral titres in the saliva seemed to be lower than in the serum. HCV RNA in the serum and saliva disappeared after the treatment with interferon-alpha. It is suggestive that the HCV genome positive saliva might be one of the routes of transmission in sporadic HCV infection.

Comparison of the incidences among the HCV RNA in serum and saliva by polymerase chain reaction.