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ObjectiveTo evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intraarticular administration of tramadol in horses following arthroscopic surgery. DesignExperimental study AnimalsTen adult warmblood horses ProceduresTen horses underwent arthroscopic surgery of hock (8 joints) and fetlock joints (2 joints). Intraarticular tramadol (2 mg/kg) or saline was administered in randomly selected horses (5 in each group; 4 hock and 1 fetlock) under general anesthesia before recovery. Two observers blinded to treatment scored pain independently at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours after complete recovery following transmission of horses from recovery room to their own boxes and based on a composite measure pain scale (CMPS). ResultsSignificant difference (P<0.001) was observed between treatments, except at 24 hours post-injection. No significant differences was seen between various times in saline treated group (P=0.09), meanwhile it was considerable in tramadol treated group (P < 0.001), CMPS of the 12 and 24 hours showed significant higher scores in comparison with other times in this group. Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceAnalgesic efficacy of intra-articular tramadol administration was demonstrated by significantly reduced pain scores following arthroscopic surgery in horses. So, it can be used as a part of multimodal analgesic protocol, however, more detailed studies are warranted. Key WordsTramadol, Intra-articular Administration, Arthroscopic Surgery, Horses

journal of animal and veterinary advances

Long Term Use of Flunixin Meglumine and Ketoprofen in Arabian Horses and Their Digestive and Cardiac Injuries (Biochemical, Hematological and Endoscopic Findings)