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Taking as a starting point the hegemonic place occupied by the concepts of rent and rentier state in the social sciences and humanities literature on Algeria, this article re-examines the process that led to the predominance of hydrocarbons in the Algerian economy and the Algerian state. This grip by hydrocarbons on the economy and the state has intensified since 1992 with the brutal interruption of the reform intended to legalise the market through a legitimation of the institutions, which led to an opening of the political field. It shows how an illegitimate power can lead to the informalization of economic activity as a result of its dissolving effect on law and legality, eventually making it appear that the rent and the rentier state are the only realities. It indicates that the way to escape from this situation and move forward towards a rehabilitation of the economy and the institutions is through the ballot box and the forging of a new legitimacy.

La rente et l'État rentier recouvrent-ils toute la réalité de l'Algérie d'aujourd'hui ?