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Comment expliquer que des responsables politiques puissent conduire des politiques fiscales à l’avantage des plus riches, tout en obtenant l’assentiment de la majorité de la population ? À travers l’étude de la genèse puis de la suppression du bouclier fiscal, entre 2005 et 2011, cet article montre comment ses promoteurs ont su utiliser les symboles, les récits et les statistiques pour maintenir un voile d’ignorance quant à la position sociale des bénéficiaires. D’instrument destiné à protéger les contribuables de l’impôt, ce dispositif est pourtant devenu en quelques années l’incarnation du clientélisme politique. Les symboles offrent des ressources pour la construction des problèmes publics, mais peuvent aussi devenir des stigmates lorsque la réalité se révèle trop éloignée de la fiction imaginée. Cette étude met ainsi en lumière la dimension dynamique et évolutive de la construction des problèmes publics.Political science has been struggling for a number of years with a democratic puzzle: how is it that upwardly-redistributive policies, which grant significant tax cuts to rich people, seem to be supported by a majority of voters? Is this due to misinformation, political obfuscation, or a shift in the moral attitudes towards taxation and redistribution? Through an analysis of the French ‘bouclier fiscal’ (tax shield), which was created in 2005 and abolished in 2011, we stress the major role played by symbols, narratives and numbers in the evolving representations of tax inequality. Initially conceived as a tool that would protect all taxpayers from excessive taxation, this measure became increasingly perceived as embodying client politics, especially after 2009-2010. We argue that symbols, when used in politics, may help frame public issues, but also lead to political weakness when reality appears to be too distanced from constructed narratives

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