Stage 1 hybrid palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: an initial experience in pulmonary trunk approach, procedural modifications, and complication management

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a rare pathology with a very high mortality rate. The present study aimed to share our initial experience with the ductus arteriosus stenting procedure using the pulmonary trunk approach in the treatment of HLHS, as well as provide some technical suggestions and discuss complications and their management.