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Background/aim:  Nesfatin-1, an anorexigenic molecule, seems to play a role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. The goal  of this study was to evaluate the relation of nesfatin-1 with anthropometric and metabolic (ghrelin, leptin) parameters in children with  idiopathic chronic malnutrition. Materials and methods:  The study included 37 underweight and 38 healthy children who were similar regarding age, sex, and pubertal  status. Anthropometric and biochemical (nesfatin-1, ghrelin, and leptin levels) variables were assessed.  Results:   A  total  of  37  underweight  subjects  (mean  age  10.5  ±  2.6  years)  and  38  heathy  subjects  (mean  age  10.3  ±  2.3  years)  were   recruited. Underweight children had significantly higher nesfatin-1 (2.76 ± 0.4 vs. 1.56 ± 0.7, P &lt; 0.001) and lower leptin levels (2.21 ±  2.0 vs. 5.21 ± 2.4, P &lt; 0.001) than those of the control subjects. Nesfatin-1 levels were significantly associated with only leptin levels, after  adjusting for age and BMI (r = –0.371, P = 0.001). Conclusion:   The  present  study  is  the  first  to  evaluate  nesfatin-1  levels  in  relation  with  anthropometric  and  metabolic  parameters  in   children with chronic malnutrition, who were subsequently found to have significantly higher nesfatin-1 levels. Our study underlines  that nesfatin-1 may play a role in the development of malnutrition by inhibiting food intake in children.

Increased concentrations of serum nesfatin-1 levels in childhood with idiopathic chronic malnutrition