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We rediscovered two species of toads,    Bufo   stomaticus   peninsularis    and    Bufo   brevirostris   , which were described from Peninsular India 84 and 101 years ago, respectively, but have not been reported since. Because the name-bearing types of both species are either damaged or lost, we provide detailed redescriptions, morphological comparisons, and insights into phylogenetic relationships with closely related members of the genus    Duttaphrynus    sensu lato, based on new material from the type locality of each species. We clarify and validate the identity of    D.   brevirostris   , which was rediscovered from multiple localities in the Malenadu and adjoining coastal regions of Karnataka. We also demonstrate that    Bufo   stomaticus   peninsularis   , which was considered a synonym of    Duttaphrynus   scaber   , is a distinct species.    Bufo   stomaticus   peninsularis    differs from    Duttaphrynus   scaber    morphologically and genetically, and is more closely related to members of the    Duttaphrynus   stomaticus    group. We also clarify the identity of the namesake species of the    Duttaphrynus   stomaticus    group, which is reported widely in India and neighbouring countries, but lacks sufficient taxonomic information due to its brief original description and reportedly untraceable type material. We located and studied the complete syntype series of    D.   stomaticus   , probably for the first time in over a century, and we report on the status of available specimens, provide detailed description of a potential type, compare it to related species, and clarify the species’ geographical range. Our molecular analyses suggest that    D.   stomaticus    is minimally divergent from, and possibly conspecific with,    D.   olivaceus   . Our analyses also clarify its relationship to the closely-related    D.   peninsularis    comb. nov. , with which it was previously confused. Finally, our study provides other insights into the phylogenetic relationships and genetic differentiation among various species of    Duttaphrynus    toads.

zoosystematics and evolution

Lost, forgotten, and overlooked: systematic reassessment of two lesser-known toad species (  Anura  ,   Bufonidae  ) from Peninsular India and another wide-ranging northern species