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By means of an integrated approach, including molecular, morphological, anatomical and histological data, we describe a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus    Dugesia    from southwest China, representing the third species recorded for the country. Morphologically, the new species,    Dugesia   umbonata    Song &amp; Wang,  sp. nov. , is particularly characterised by the presence of a muscularised hump immediately antero-dorsally to a knee-shaped bend in its bursal canal and by an ejaculatory duct that opens subterminally through the dorsal side of the penis papilla. Four molecular datasets (18S rDNA;  ITS-1 ; 28S rDNA;  COI ) facilitated determination of the phylogenetic position of the new species, which belongs to a clade comprising other species from the Australasian and Oriental regions. We also analysed the structure of its major nervous system by means of the acetylcholinesterase ( AChE ) histochemical method and compared these results with data available for three other species of    Dugesia   .

zoosystematics and evolution

A new species of    Dugesia    (  Platyhelminthes  ,   Tricladida  ,   Dugesiidae  ) from China, with an account on the histochemical structure of its major nervous system