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The Juan de Fuca vent mussel first found in 1990 is formally described as    Benthomodiolus   erebus    sp. n.  Comparisons are made with the three other species previously assigned to    Benthomodiolus    namely    B.   lignocola   ,    B.   geikotsucola    and    B.   abyssicola   . The anatomies of all four species are examined and are shown to share the arrangement of pedal and byssus musculature, having largely un-fused mantle margins and a hind gut with a very short loop. The ctenidia were examined using both light and scanning electron microscopy.    B.   erebus    and    B.   geikotsucola    were found to have lamellar filaments with extensive abfrontal expansion and fusion of the ascending and descending arms. In this there is similarity with    Bathymodiolus   .    B.   lignocola    and    B.   abyssicola    were found to have linear filaments with narrow abfrontal surfaces with little fusion. All four species were shown to have the abfrontal surfaces covered by polygonal cushions of microvilli although these were much less apparent in    B.   lignocola    and    B.   abyssicola   . Although    Benthomodiolus    was shown by a number of previous studies, using molecular data alone, to be phylogenetically basal to all other   Bathymodiolinae   the anatomy is highly adapted for chemosymbiosis. Species of    Benthomodiolus    are found on wood-falls, whale-falls and vent sites and thus mirror the habits of the    Bathymodiolus   /   Idas    clade.

zoosystematics and evolution

Description and morphology of the “Juan de Fuca vent mussel”,    Benthomodiolus   erebus    sp. n. (  Bivalvia  ,   Mytilidae  ,   Bathymodiolinae  ): “Phylogenetically basal but morphologically advanced”