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Two new monogenoidean species of  Unilatus  Mizelle &amp;amp; Kritsky, 1967 found in the gills of loricariids in the Lower Xingu-Iriri rivers are described:  Unilatus humboldtii  sp. nov. from  Baryancistrus niveatus  (Castelnau, 1855),  Panaque armbrusteri  Lujan, Hidalgo &amp;amp; Stewart, 2010,  Pseudacanthicus  sp. (type-host), and  Scobinancistrus aureatus  Burgess, 1994; and  Unilatus luciarappae  sp. nov. from  P. armbrusteri .  Unilatus humboldtii  sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeneric species due to its anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root with depressed or truncated distal portion, and inconspicuous or reduced deep root; anterior bar with posteromedial projection; hooks of pair 1 with dilated shaft comprising 2/3 of the hook length; spiraled male copulatory organ with approximately 16–18 counterclockwise loops.  Unilatus luciarappae  sp. nov. is characterized by having anterior anchor with well-developed superficial root and reduced deep root, slightly curved shaft, elongated, slightly curved, and tapered point; spiraled MCO with approximately 18–19 counterclockwise loops, with median distal bulbous portion and remaining portion tapered and elongated, comprising 1/4 of the body length; and accessory piece comprising approximately 2/3 of the MCO length. More than fifty years after the description of the type species of  Unilatus  from an artificial environment (U.S. aquaria), this study represents the first formal record and description of  Unilatus  species from hosts collected in natural habitats in the Xingu River. Considering the impact of the Belo Monte dam on the formerly pristine conditions of the study region and the importance of loricariids for the ornamental fish trade, we recommend monitoring monogenoidean diversity, parasite-host interaction, as well as the dispersion patterns and pathogenicity of these parasites.

zoologia

Two new species of monogenoidean parasites (Platyhelminthes: Neodermata) of ornamental fish of Loricariidae (Siluriformes) from the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon