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Plectorhinchus   makranensis    sp. nov . is described on the basis of 16 specimens from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, in the Northwest Indian Ocean. The new species can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of dorsal fin rays XII, 18–20, pectoral-fin rays 16–17, tubed lateral-line scales 55–57, gill rakers count (10–12 on the upper limb and 16–17 on the lower limb), 17–18 scales between the lateral line and the first anal-fin spine, 30–31 circumpeduncular scale rows and color pattern.    Plectorhinchus   makranensis    sp. nov.  is distinguished from    P.   schotaf    by having the posterior margin of the opercular membrane grey (vs. red in    P.   schotaf   ), fewer circumpeduncular scale rows, and a shorter base of the soft portion of the dorsal fin, 27.6–29.4% of standard length ( SL ) (vs. 31–32.3% of  SL  in    P.   schotaf   ). The new species resembles    P.   sordidus    but is differentiated from it by having more gill rakers, a smaller orbit diameter 27.5–32.1% of head length ( HL ) (vs. 35.5–37.2% of  HL  in    P.   sordidus   ), a longer caudal peduncle 19.2–21.3% of  SL  (vs. 17.1–17.9% of  SL  in    P.   sordidus   ), and the first to third pectoral-fin rays light gray (vs. dark gray in    P.   sordidus   ). The new species can also be distinguished from the other species, including    P.   schotaf    and    P.   sordidus   , based on  COI  and Cyt  b  molecular markers. The phylogenetic position of this new species indicates that it is a sister taxon of    P.   schotaf   .

Plectorhinchus makranensis ( Teleostei , Haemulidae ), a new species of sweetlips from the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman