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In the past few decades, sampling of leaf litter with Winkler extractors revealed how abundant and ubiquitous ants from the genus    Strumigenys    are. It is now known that this genus has the third greatest number of species within the   Formicidae   family. However, very few subterranean species are known, which may be due to the current under-sampling of the soil stratum. Here, a holistic sampling approach, including the use of subterranean traps, was employed in Macao SAR, China. Subterranean traps allowed the collection of a new cryptic ant species:    Strumigenys   subterranea    Brassard, Leong &amp; Guénard,  sp. nov.  Moreover, extensive sampling of the leaf litter in secondary forests provided four new species records for the genus. The list of Macanese    Strumigenys    is here updated, elevating the known diversity in Macao to nine species. Furthermore, to facilitate further research on ants of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, a key to the 29    Strumigenys    species known from the region is provided. Lastly, recommendations for sampling methods to assess ant biodiversity underground are discussed. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of using extensive sampling methods, and suggests that relatively small patches of secondary forests within cities can hold a surprisingly high diversity as well as some undescribed species.

zookeys

A new subterranean species and an updated checklist of    Strumigenys    (  Hymenoptera  ,   Formicidae  ) from Macao SAR, China, with a key to species of the Greater Bay Area