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Adults of trematodes in the genus    Xystretrum    Linton, 1910 (  Gorgoderidae  ,   Gorgoderinae  ) are parasites found exclusively in the urinary bladders of tetraodontiform fishes. However, limited and unclear morphological data were used to describe the type species,    X.   solidum    Linton, 1910. Here, we present the first detailed morphological information for a member of    Xystretrum   . Morphological characters were described using light and scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) of    Xystretrum    specimens from    Sphoeroides   testudineus    (Linnaeus) (  Tetraodontiformes  ,   Tetraodontidae  ), collected at six localities off the northern Yucatan Peninsula coast of the Gulf of Mexico. We also compared sequence fragments of the 28S (region D1–D3) ribosomal  DNA  and mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 ( COI ) gene with those available for other gorgoderine taxa. We assigned these    Xystretrum    specimens to    X.   solidum   , despite the incompleteness of published descriptions. The data provide a foundation for future work to validate the identities of    X.   solidum   ,    X.   papillosum    Linton, 1910 and    X.   pulchrum    (Travassos, 1920) with new collections from the type localities and hosts. Comparisons of 28S and  COI  regions described here also provide an opportunity to evaluate the monophyletic status of    Xystretrum   .

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New morphological and molecular data for    Xystretrum   solidum    (  Gorgoderidae  ,   Gorgoderinae  ) from    Sphoeroides   testudineus    (  Tetraodontiformes  ,   Tetraodontidae  ) in Mexican waters