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Since the last systematic review of    Chiroderma    (big-eyed bats) more than two decades ago, we report on biodiversity surveys that expand the distribution and species diversity of this Neotropical genus. The Caribbean endemic species    Chiroderma   improvisum    is documented for the first time from Nevis in the northern Lesser Antilles. A broader geographic sampling for a molecular analysis identifies a paraphyletic relationship in    Chiroderma   trinitatum    with respect to    Chiroderma   doriae   . Cis-Andean populations of    C.   trinitatum    are most closely related to the morphologically distinctive and allopatrically distributed    C.   doriae    in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest of Brazil and Paraguay. The sister taxon to this grouping includes trans-Andean populations of    C.   trinitatum   , which we recommend to elevate to species status as    C.   gorgasi   . This is an example of a cryptic species because    C.   gorgasi    was previously considered morphologically similar to    C.   trinitatum   , but more detailed examination revealed that it lacks a posterolabial accessory cusp on the lower second premolar and has a narrower breadth of the braincase. We provide an amended description of    Chiroderma   gorgasi   .

Cryptic diversity and range extension in the big-eyed bat genus Chiroderma ( Chiroptera , Phyllostomidae )