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Nebria  ( Falcinebria )  reflexa   Bates (  Carabidae  ), a Japanese endemic flightless ground beetle, is geographically polytypic and was thought to be composed of four subspecies (including nominotypical subspecies). Populations from Honshû recognized as three subspecies were taxonomically revised based primarily on the shape of the endophallus, a membranous inner sac everted from the aedeagus. Three known taxa,    Nebria   reflexa   ,    Nebria   niohozana    Bates, and    Nebria   uenoi    Nakane, are redefined based on endophallus morphology, and the latter two are described as distinct species rather than subspecies of    N.   reflexa   . Seven new species are described:    N.   sagittata    sp. nov. ,    N.   iidesana    sp. nov. ,    N.   furcata    sp. nov. ,    N.   pisciformis    sp. nov. ,    N.   kuragadakensis    sp. nov. ,    N.   dichotoma    sp. nov. , and    N.   chugokuensis    sp. nov.  Comparative morphology, primarily of the endophallus, indicated that    N.   furcata   ,    N.   pisciformis   ,    N.   kuragadakensis   , and    N.   uenoi    form basal lineages, and the remaining six species form a clade in which    N.   niohozana    and    N.   dichotoma    are sister taxa. Species phylogeny and known distributions suggest that the initial diversification of these species occurred in the western Chûbu and eastern Kinki regions of Japan.

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Taxonomic studies of the ground beetle subgenus      Falcinebria    Ledoux &amp; Roux, 2005 (  Coleoptera  ,   Carabidae  ,    Nebria   ) from Honshû, Japan