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The genus    Crematogaster    is one of the most species-rich and widespread groups of ants. Despite their often-high local abundance and important ecological interactions, the taxonomy of the genus is fragmentary and in great need of modern revisionary studies. As a first step towards a revision for the Arabian fauna of    Crematogaster   , a review of all known species with synoptic species accounts is provided. Seventeen species are recognized and illustrated from the Arabian Peninsula, of which two new species are described:    C.   jacindae    Sharaf &amp; Hita Garcia,  sp. nov.  from the Dhofar Governorate, Oman, and    C.   gryllsi    Sharaf &amp; Hita Garcia,  sp. nov.  from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA ) based on the worker caste.    Crematogaster   jacindae    sp. nov.  is easily separated from the remainder of the Arabian    Crematogaster    fauna due to its complete lack of propodeal spines, slit-shaped propodeal spiracles, and its distinct bicoloration, whereas    C.   gryllsi    sp. nov.  is readily distinguished by its unlobed postpetiolar dorsum. Furthermore, new country records are presented:    C.   acaciae    Forel for the  KSA  and Yemen, and    C.   delagoensis    Forel and    C.   jehovae    Forel for the  KSA    C.   antaris    for Qatar, whereas    C.   luctans    Forel is excluded from the Arabian fauna. In addition, on the basis of morphological examination of original type material,    C.   affabilis    Forel is proposed as junior synonym of    C.   chiarinii    Mayr, and    C.   striaticeps    is elevated to species rank  stat. nov.  Furthermore, a new identification key for the Arabian species is provided, as well as distribution maps for all species.

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Review of the Arabian    Crematogaster    Lund (  Hymenoptera  ,   Formicidae  ), synoptic list, distribution, and description of two new species from Oman and Saudi Arabia