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The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of    Yponomeuta   montanatus    is sequenced and compared with other published yponomeutoid mitogenomes. The mitogenome is circular, 15,349 bp long, and includes the typical metazoan mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes) and an A + T-rich region. All 13 protein-coding genes use a typical start codon ATN, the one exception being  cox1 , which uses CGA across yponomeutoid mitogenomes. Comparative analyses further show that the secondary structures of  tRNAs  are conserved, including loss of the Dihydorouidine (DHU) arm in  trnS1  (AGN), but remarkable nucleotide variation has occurred mainly in the DHU arms and pseudouridine (TψC) loops. A + T-rich regions exhibit substantial length variation among yponomeutoid mitogenomes, and conserved sequence blocks are recognized but some of them are not present in all species. Multiple phylogenetic analyses confirm the position of    Y.   montanatus    in   Yponomeutoidea  . However, the superfamily-level relationships in the   Macroheterocera   clade in   Lepidoptera   recovered herein show considerable difference with that recovered in previous mitogenomic studies, raising the necessity of extensive phylogenetic investigation when more mitogenomes become available for this clade.

First mitochondrial genome from Yponomeutidae ( Lepidoptera , Yponomeutoidea ) and the phylogenetic analysis for Lepidoptera