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A new species of    Rhopalias    Stiles &amp; Hassall, 1898 is described from the small intestine of the Commonopossum  ,    Didelphis   marsupialis    Linnaeus from the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.    Rhopalias   oochi    sp. nov.  is morphologically very similar to the type species of the genus,    Rhopalias   coronatus    (Rudolphi, 1819) Stiles &amp; Hassall 1898, a species widely distributed in opossums across Mexico. A molecular phylogenetic analysis using a mitochondrial gene (cox1), and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), of specimens of    R.   coronatus    collected in several localities of Mexico revealed that those from the Yucatán Peninsula, originally recorded on morphological grounds as    R.   coronatus    actually represented an independent genetic lineage. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses were performed for each data set independently, and for the concatenated data set (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 + cox1). All phylogenetic analyses showed that the specimens from Yucatán represented a monophyletic lineage, with high bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities. In addition, the genetic divergence estimated between    R.   oochi    sp. nov.  and two species of    Rhopalias   ,    R.   coronatus   , and    R.   macracanthus    Chandler, 1932 that also occur in Mexican marsupials ranged between 7–8% and 16–17%, for cox1, and between 0.1–0.2% and 7% for the ITS region, respectively. The molecular evidence gathered in this study (reciprocal monophyly in both phylogenetic analyses, and estimated genetic divergence) suggested that the specimens found in the intestine of    D.   marsupialis    originally reported as    R.   coronatus    from Yucatán, actually represent a new species. Morphological evidence was found through light and scanning electron microscopy to support the species distinction based on molecular data.

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Molecular data reveal a new species of    Rhopalias    Stiles &amp; Hassall, 1898 (  Digenea  ,   Echinostomatidae  ) in the Common     opossum  ,    Didelphis   marsupialis    L. (  Mammalia  ,   Didelphidae  ) in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico