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Molecular phylogenetics has transitioned into the phylogenomic era, with data derived from next-generation sequencing technologies allowing unprecedented phylogenetic resolution in all animal groups, including understudied invertebrate taxa. Within the most diverse harvestmen suborder,   Laniatores  , most relationships at all taxonomic levels have yet to be explored from a phylogenomics perspective.   Travunioidea   is an early-diverging lineage of laniatorean harvestmen with a Laurasian distribution, with species distributed in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America, and south-central Europe. This clade has had a challenging taxonomic history, but the current classification consists of ~77 species in three families, the   Travuniidae  ,   Paranonychidae  , and   Nippononychidae  .   Travunioidea   classification has traditionally been based on structure of the tarsal claws of the hind legs. However, it is now clear that tarsal claw structure is a poor taxonomic character due to homoplasy at all taxonomic levels. Here, we utilize DNA sequences derived from capture of ultraconserved elements ( UCE s) to reconstruct travunioid relationships. Data matrices consisting of 317–677 loci were used in maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree analyses. Resulting phylogenies recover four consistent and highly supported clades; the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the enigmatic genus    Yuria    is less certain. Based on the resulting phylogenies, a revision of   Travunioidea   is proposed, now consisting of the   Travuniidae  ,   Cladonychiidae  ,   Paranonychidae   (  Nippononychidae   is synonymized), and the new family   Cryptomastridae   Derkarabetian &amp; Hedin,  fam. n. , diagnosed here. The phylogenetic utility and diagnostic features of the intestinal complex and male genitalia are discussed in light of phylogenomic results, and the inappropriateness of the tarsal claw in diagnosing higher-level taxa is further corroborated.

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A stable phylogenomic classification of   Travunioidea   (  Arachnida  ,   Opiliones  ,   Laniatores  ) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements