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A new identification of    Gymnothorax   minor    (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1846) is documented based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding. Sixty-one individuals of    G.   minor    were collected from the East China Sea and the South China Sea. This species was previously reported as    Gymnothorax   reticularis    Bloch, 1795 in China because of the similarity in external shape and color.    Gymnothorax   minor    can be easily distinguished from    G.   reticularis    by its color pattern of 18–20 irregular dark brown vertical bars and the body having scattered small brown spots. Additionally, the teeth are uniserial on both jaws, and the vertebrae number 137–139. By combining congener sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I ( COI ) gene from GenBank, two groups were detected among all the  COI  sequences of the currently named    G.   minor   , which further indicated that two valid species were present based on genetic distance. A divergence also occurred on the number of vertebrae between the northern and southern populations. The phylogenetic and morphological analysis strongly supports that the northern and southern populations of    G.   minor    are two different species. Furthermore, the distribution area of the northern    G.   minor    has expanded southward to 5°15'N in the South China Sea. More specimens of    G.   minor    and    G.   reticularis    are crucial in order to define their geographical distribution boundaries and provide the correct DNA barcoding.

New identification of the moray eel Gymnothorax minor (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) in China ( Anguilliformes , Muraenidae )