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Morphological characters have been widely used in centipede systematics. Here, we aim to obtain morphological information from the preoral chamber and peristomatic structures of lithobiomorph centipedes, with taxonomic sampling focused on the species-rich genus    Lithobius    Leach, 1814. Towards this goal, we (i) examined the epipharynx and hypopharynx of 32 species belonging to four subgenera of the genus    Lithobius   , viz.    Lithobius    Leach, 1814,    Monotarsobius    Verhoeff, 1905,    Sigibius    Chamberlin, 1913 and    Ezembius    Chamberlin, 1919 using light and scanning electron microscopy, (ii) searched for phylogenetically informative characters and (iii) described interspecific variation. Three species of the lithobiid genera    Eupolybothrus    Verhoeff, 1907,    Disphaerobius    Attems, 1926 and    Neolithobius    Stuxberg, 1875 were additionally examined and considered as likely outgroups. New characters and character states are proposed as additions to current phylogenetic datasets. Similarities in the peristomatic structures ally    Disphaerobius    with   Lithobius  ( Ezembius ) , suggesting that the subfamily   Pterygoterginae   is nested within   Lithobiinae   and    Lithobius   .

The peristomatic structures as a source of systematic characters in the genus Lithobius Leach, 1814 ( Myriapoda , Chilopoda )