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The   Flabellinidae  , a heterogeneous assembly of supposedly plesiomorphic to very derived sea slug groups, have not yet been addressed by integrative studies. Here novel material of rarely seen Arctic taxa as well as North Atlantic, North and South Pacific, and tropical Indo-West Pacific flabellinid species is investigated morpho-anatomically and with multi-locus markers (partial  COI , 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA and H3) which were generated and analysed in a comprehensive aeolid taxon sampling. It was found that the current family   Flabellinidae   is polyphyletic and its phylogeny and taxonomic patterns cannot be understood without considering members from all the Aeolidacean families and, based on a robust phylogenetic hypothesis, morpho-anatomical evolution of aeolids is more complex than suspected in earlier works and requires reclassification of the taxon. Morphological diversity of   Flabellinidae   is corroborated by molecular divergence rates and supports establishing three new families (  Apataidae   fam. n. ,   Flabellinopsidae   fam. n. ,   Samlidae   fam. n. ), 16 new genera, 13 new species, and two new subspecies among the former   Flabellinidae  . Two families, namely   Coryphellidae   and   Paracoryphellidae  , are restored and traditional   Flabellinidae   is considerably restricted. The distinctness of the recently described family   Unidentiidae   is confirmed by both morphological and molecular data. Several species complexes among all ex-“  Flabellinidae  ” lineages are recognised using both morphological and molecular data. The present study shows that   Facelinidae   and   Aeolidiidae  , together with traditional “  Tergipedidae  ”, deeply divide traditional “  Flabellinidae  .” Diagnoses for all aeolidacean families are therefore provided and additionally two new non-flabellinid families (  Abronicidae   fam. n.  and   Murmaniidae   fam. n. ) within traditional tergipedids are established to accommodate molecular and morphological disparity. To address relationships and disparity, we propose a new family system for aeolids. Here the aeolidacean species are classified into at least 102 genera and 24 families. Operational rules for integration of morphological and molecular data for taxonomy are suggested.

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Polyphyly of the traditional family   Flabellinidae   affects a major group of   Nudibranchia  : aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (  Mollusca  ,   Gastropoda  )