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The ground beetle genus    Bembidion    is a highly diverse group of small predators with more than 1.200 described extant species. In contrast, only two representatives of    Bembidion    are known from the amber fossil record and their position within this mega-diverse genus is dubious. Here, we address the taxonomic position of these two extinct    Bembidion    species (   B.   succini    Giebel, 1856 and    B.   christelae    Ortuño &amp; Arillo, 2010). Based on the insufficient description and the missing type specimen,    B.   succini   , nomen dubium, cannot be assigned to the genus    Bembidion    and/or to the tribe   Bembidiini   with certainty. The subgenus   Archaeophilochthus   Ortuño &amp; Arillo, 2010 was erected for the second extinct species,    B.   christelae   , based on external characters. However, this species seems indistinguishable to members of the earlier described subgenus   Philochthemphanes   Netolitzky, 1943 which comprises about extant 10 species distributed in East and Southeast Asia. Furthermore, we describe two new species,    B.   bukejsi    sp. n.  and    B.   alekseevi    sp. n. , from the Eocene Baltic amber using X-ray microscopy. Based on external and genital morphology including endophallic structures, we erected the monotypic subgenus   Eodontium   subgen. n.  for    B.   bukejsi    sp. n. , which is probably related to the subgenera    Andrewesa    Netolitzky, 1931, the    Hydrium    complex, or the    Odontium    series sensu  Maddison (2012) . On the other hand,    B.   alekseevi    sp. n.  can be assigned to the subgenus   Eupetedromus   Netolitzky, 1911. The occurrence of representatives of at least two species groups adapted to a temperate climate suggests the presence of at least locally temperate climates in Baltic amber forests.

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The ground beetle genus    Bembidion    Latreille in Baltic amber: Review of preserved specimens and first 3D reconstruction of endophallic structures using X-ray microscopy (  Coleoptera  ,   Carabidae  ,   Bembidiini  )