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The flightless   Entiminae   weevil genus    Laparocerus    is the species-richest genus, with 237 species and subspecies, inhabiting Macaronesia (Madeira archipelago, Selvagens, Canary Islands) and the continental ‘Macaronesian enclave’ in Morocco (one single polytypic species). This is the second contribution to gain insight of the genus and assist in its systematic revision with a mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis. It centres on the Canarian clade, adding the 12S  rRNA  gene to the combined set of  COII  and 16S  rRNA  used in our first contribution on the Madeiran clade (here re-analysed). The nuclear 28S  rRNA  was also used to produce an additional 4-gene tree to check coherency with the 3-gene tree.A total of 225 taxa (95%) has been sequenced, mostly one individual per taxa. Plausible explanations for incoherent data (mitochondrial introgressions, admixture, incomplete lineage sorting, etc.) are discussed for each of the monophyletic subclades that are coincident with established subgenera, or are restructured or newly described. The overall mean genetic divergence (p-distance) among species is 8.2%; the mean divergence within groups (subgenera) ranks from 2.9 to 7.0% (average 4.6%), and between groups, from 5.4% to 12.0% (average 9.2%). A trustful radiation event within a young island (1.72 Ma) was used to calibrate and produce a chronogram using the software RelTime.These results confirm the monophyly of both the Madeiran (36 species and subspecies) and the Canarian (196 species and subspecies) clades, which originated ca. 11.2 Ma ago, and started to radiate in their respective archipelagos ca. 8.5 and 7.7 Ma ago. The Madeiran clade seems to have begun in Porto Santo, and from there it jumped to the Desertas and to Madeira, with additional radiations. The Canarian clade shows a sequential star-shape radiation process generating subclades with a clear shift from East to West in coherence with the decreasing age of the islands.    Laparocerus   garretai    from the Selvagens belongs to a Canarian subclade, and    Laparocerus   susicus    from Morocco does not represent the ancestral continental lineage, but a back-colonisation from the Canaries to Africa. Dispersal processes, colonisation patterns, and ecological remarks are amply discussed. Diversification has been adaptive as well as non-adaptive, and the role of ’geological turbulence’ is highlighted as one of the principal drivers of intra-island allopatric speciation.Based on the phylogenetic results, morphological features and distribution, five new monophyletic subgenera are described:    Aridotrox    subg. n. ,    Belicarius    subg. n. ,    Bencomius    subg. n. ,    Canariotrox    subg. n. , and    Purpuranius    subg. n. , totalling twenty subgenera in    Laparocerus   .

zookeys

Phylogenetic analysis of the genus    Laparocerus   , with comments on colonisation and diversification in Macaronesia (  Coleoptera  ,   Curculionidae  ,   Entiminae  )