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Mandibular mechanisms in   Geophilomorpha   are revised based on three-dimensional reconstructions of the mandibulo-tentorial complex and its muscular equipment in    Dicellophilus   carniolensis    (  Placodesmata  ) and    Hydroschendyla   submarina    (  Adesmata  ). Tentorial structure compares closely in the two species and homologies can be proposed for the 14/17 muscles that attach to the tentorium. Both species retain homologues of muscles that in other   Pleurostigmophora   are traditionally thought to cause swinging movements of the tentorium that complement the mobility of the mandibles. Although the original set of tentorial muscles is simplified in   Geophilomorpha  , the arrangement of the preserved homologues conforms to a system of six degrees of freedom of movement, as in non-geophilomorph   Pleurostigmophora  . A simplification of the mandibular muscles is confirmed for   Geophilomorpha  , but our results reject absence of muscles that in other   Pleurostigmophora   primarily support see-saw movements of the mandibles. In the construction of the tentorium, paralabial sclerites seem to be involved in neither   Placodesmata   nor   Adesmata  , and we propose their loss in   Geophilomorpha   as a whole. Current insights on the tentorial skeleton and its musculature permit two alternative conclusions on their transformation in   Geophilomorpha  : either tentorial mobility is primarily maintained in both   Placodesmata   and   Adesmata   (contrary to Manton’s arguments for immobility), or the traditional assumption of the tentorium as being mobile is a misinterpretation for   Pleurostigmophora   as a whole.

Tentorial mobility in centipedes ( Chilopoda ) revisited: 3D reconstruction of the mandibulo-tentorial musculature of Geophilomorpha