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The diversity of   Diplopoda   in caves of southern China is remarkably high, often 5–6 species per cave, consisting mostly of local endemics and presumed troglobionts. These are evidently biased to just a few lineages, mainly members of the orders   Chordeumatida   and   Callipodida  , the families   Cambalopsidae   (  Spirostreptida  ) and   Haplodesmidae   (  Polydesmida  ) or the genera    Pacidesmus   ,    Epanerchodus    and    Glenniea    (all   Polydesmida  ,   Polydesmidae  ),    Trichopeltis    (  Polydesmida  ,   Cryptodesmidae  ),    Dexmoxytes    (  Polydesmida  ,   Paradoxosomatidae  ) and    Hyleoglomeris    (  Glomerida  ,   Glomeridae  ). All these taxa, especially the   Paradoxosomatidae   and   Cambalopsidae   (usually amounting to about 60% and 10% of the total species diversity in the Oriental fauna, respectively), are moderately to highly speciose across Southeast Asia, being largely epigean. However, the epigean   Diplopoda   of southern China are yet badly understudied, since much of the collecting and taxonomic exploration efforts still focus on cavernicoles. The Oriental Region is the only biogeographic realm globally that harbours all 16 orders of   Diplopoda  , of which 14 have already been encountered in China and/or the immediately adjacent parts of Indochina. Thus, China may actually prove to support no less than 1,000 millipede species of various origins, mainly Oriental and Palaearctic.

Cave Diplopoda of southern China with reference to millipede diversity in Southeast Asia