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The minute (adult size 1.3–4.8 mm) land snail species of the family   Diplommatinidae   in the Fiji archipelago are revised based on historical material and modern (1998–99) collections targeting limestone outcrops on the largest island, Viti Levu, and several smaller islands in the Lau group. The forty-two species (including 30 new species) belong to the genera    Moussonia    Semper, 1865,    Palaina    Semper, 1865 and    Diancta    Martens, 1867, which are briefly characterized and keyed. The diagnostic structure of the inner lamellar system of each species is illustrated. All species except one are endemic to Fiji. In Viti Levu, the 12 localities surveyed each had 1–13 (average 5) species of   Diplommatinidae  ; ten species were each found at a single site only. In the Lau islands, five islands were visited, with 1–4 species per island; four species are known from single islands. The number of historically known species not recollected in 1998–99 (7 species), the number of single-site occurrences (14 species), and the numerous islands — including limestone islands — that have not been surveyed at all, indicate that the 42 species of   Diplommatinidae   currently known from Fiji represent perhaps only half of the Fiji diplommatinid fauna. Such numbers approach the diplommatinid diversity of Palau (39 described and more than 60 undescribed species), and surpasses by far the diversity of other South Pacific archipelagos of comparable land area (New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Samoa).Nomenclatural acts: Lectotypes designated:    Diplommatina   fuscula   ,   D.   fuscula   var.   vitiana  ,    D.   godeffroyana   ,   D.   godeffroyana   var.   latecostata  ,    D.   tuberosa   ,   D.   martensi   var.   macrostoma  , all Mousson, 1870. Neotypes designated:    Diplommatina   subregularis   ,    D.   ascendens   ,    D.   quadrata   , all Mousson, 1870. New species:    Diancta   aurea    sp. n. ,    Diancta   aurita    sp. n. ,    Diancta   basiplana    sp. n. ,    Diancta   controversa    sp. n. ,    Diancta   densecostulata    sp. n. ,    Diancta   dextra    sp. n. ,    Diancta   dilatata    sp. n. ,    Diancta   distorta    sp. n. ,    Diancta   pulchella    sp. n. ,    Diancta   rotunda    sp. n. ,    Diancta   subquadrata    sp. n. ,    Diancta   trilamellata    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   acuta    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   barkeri    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   brodieae    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   longipalatalis    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   minutissima    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   obesa    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   polita    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   uncinata    sp. n. ,    Moussonia   vitianoides    sp. n. ,    Palaina   alberti    sp. n. ,    Palaina   flammulata    sp. n. ,    Palaina   glabella    sp. n. ,    Palaina   kitteli    sp. n. ,    Palaina   labeosa    sp. n. ,    Palaina   parietalis    sp. n. ,    Palaina   sulcata    sp. n. ,    Palaina   truncata    sp. n. ,    Palaina   tuberosissima    sp. n.

The Diplommatinidae of Fiji – a hotspot of Pacific land snail biodiversity ( Caenogastropoda , Cyclophoroidea )