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A total of six soil samples were collected around rhizosphere of citrus plants during 2010 from Melkassa Agricultural Research Center experimental station, Ethiopia. From these samples two most important ecto-plant parasitic nematodes of the genus  Xiphinema  were found and analysed. The genus  Xiphinema  is a large group of the phylum nematoda which constitutes more than 260 species. They are polyphagous root- ectoparasites of many crop plants and some species of this genus cause damage by direct feeding on root tips and transmit nepoviruses. The delimitation and discrimination of two species in the genus is presented, described herein as  Xiphinemaelongatum  and  Xiphinemapachtaicum . Morphological and morphometric data were done using light microscopy and results of both species were fit within the previously described nematode species of  Xiphinemaelongatum  and  Xiphinemapachtaicum . 18S rDNA were analysed using Bayesian inference (BI) method to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships of the studied  Xiphinema  sp. (KP407872 Xiphinemaelongatum  and KP407873 Xiphinemapachtaicum ) with other  Xiphinema  species. The 18S rDNA sequence of  Xiphinemapachtaicum  was alike to previously described species from the GenBank but  Xiphinemaelongatum  exhibited very small levels of nucleotides differences (0.4%) which might be possible intra-specific divergence. Though this region of rDNA has less resolution on complex species, its combination with morphological and morphometric analyses, suggests these species as  Xiphinemaelongatum  and  Xiphinemapachtaicum  with the GenBank accession number of KP407872 and KP407873, respectively. Short notes, morphological measurements, illustrations, and molecular data are given to these species. These species are reported for the first time from Ethiopia and it provides new geographical information of these organisms.

First report, morphological and molecular characterization of Xiphinema elongatum and X. pachtaicum (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from Ethiopia