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The cotton aphid,    Aphis   gossypii   , is one of the most biologically diverse species of aphids; a polyphagous species in a family where most are host specialists. It is economically important and belongs to a group of closely related species that has challenged aphid taxonomy. The research presented here seeks to clarify the taxonomic relationships and status of species within the    A.   gossypii    group in the North American Midwest. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI), nuclear elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and nuclear sodium channel para-type (SCP) genes were used to differentiate between    A.   gossypii    and related species.    Aphis   monardae   , previously synonymised with    A.   gossypii   , is re-established as a valid species. Phylogenetic analyses support the close relationship of members of the    A.   gossypii    group native to North America (   A.   forbesi   ,    A.   monardae   ,    A.   oestlundi   ,    A.   rubifolii   , and    A.   rubicola   ), Europe (   A.   nasturtii   ,    A.   urticata    and    A.   sedi   ), and Asia (   A.   agrimoniae   ,    A.   clerodendri   ,    A.   glycines   ,    A.   gossypii   ,    A.   hypericiphaga   ,    A.   ichigicola   ,    A.   ichigo   ,    A.   sanguisorbicola   ,    A.   sumire    and    A.   taraxicicola   ). The North American species most closely related to    A.   gossypii    are    A.   monardae    and    A.   oestlundi   . The cosmopolitan    A.   gossypii    and    A.   sedi    identified in the USA are genetically very similar using COI and EF1-α sequences, but the SCP gene shows greater genetic distance between them. We present a discussion of the biological and morphological differentiation of these species.

zookeys

Molecular and morphological differentiation between    Aphis   gossypii    Glover (  Hemiptera  ,   Aphididae  ) and related species, with particular reference to the North American Midwest