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Only two leaf-like pygmy grasshopper species and specimens are known from Madagascar: the Leatherback Pygmy Grasshopper (   Lepocranus   fuscus    Devriese, 1991) —which has a relatively low median carina of the pronotum; and the Malagasy Litterhopper (   Valalyllum   folium    gen. et. sp. nov. ), herein described — which has a high median carina.    Lepocranus   fuscus    is known from the rainforests around Tampolo, Manakambahiny, and Mahavelona (Foulpointe). The new taxon,    Valalyllum   folium    gen. et. sp. nov.  is known only from the Belanono forest. Both species inhabit northeastern Madagascar. The new species could be rare or not-easy-to-spot in the rainforest leaf litter, where it most probably lives. A new tribe,   Valalyllini   trib. nov. , is described for the two mentioned genera because its members are different from the Caribbean leaf-like   Choriphyllini   Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Silva, 2019, from the African leaf-like   Xerophyllini   Günther, 1979, and from the Asian leaf-like   Cladonotini   Bolívar, 1887. A tabular key to the tribes of   Cladonotinae   with leaf-like representatives is provided, together with photographs of type specimens of both species belonging to the newly described tribe. The holotype of the new species belongs to the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle   Orthoptera   collection, Paris.

﻿ Lepocranus and Valalyllum gen. nov. ( Orthoptera , Tetrigidae , Cladonotinae ), endangered Malagasy dead-leaf-like grasshoppers

Lepocranus and Valalyllum gen. nov. ( Orthoptera , Tetrigidae , Cladonotinae ), endangered Malagasy dead-leaf-like grasshoppers