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The freshwater shrimp genus    Cryphiops    Dana, 1852 has a disjunct distribution in North (Mexico) and South (Brazil, Chile) America, and is composed of only six species. The current classification of genera in the   Palaemonidae   is controversial, based on variable morphological characters, and still far from a clear definition.    Cryphiops    differs from the speciose genus    Macrobrachium    Spence Bate, 1868 only by the absence of the hepatic spines on the carapace. Previous studies with a limited dataset suggested the necessity to link morphology and phylogeny to create an internal rearrangement in the genus to resolve the paraphyletic status. Through a molecular phylogenetic approach, the evolutionary relationships are inferred based on four (mitochondrial and nuclear) genes, among all recognized species of    Cryphiops    and, in combination with a taxonomic revision, a rearrangement in the systematics of the genus is suggested. The absence of hepatic spines on the carapace, the only character used to separate the genus    Cryphiops   , is subjective and should be considered as a homoplasy. This implies that    Cryphiops    and    Macrobrachium    are subjective synonyms and, because the latter genus is much more diverse and widely known, with several economically important species, to avoid confusion and disturbance in nomenclatural stability and keep universality, a proposal for the priority of the older synonym (   Cryphiops   ) to be partially suppressed in favor of maintaining the prevailing use of the younger synonym (   Macrobrachium   ) is presented. As the species of    Cryphiops    should be accommodated in the genus    Macrobrachium   , new names to replace three preoccupied specific names that, by this action, resulted to be secondary homonyms are offered.

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Multigene phylogeny and taxonomic revision of American shrimps of the genus    Cryphiops    Dana, 1852 (  Decapoda  ,   Palaemonidae  ) implies a proposal for reversal of precedence with    Macrobrachium    Spence Bate, 1868