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Knowledge on species taxonomic identity is essential to understand biological and biogeographical processes and for studies on biodiversity. Species the genus    Tremoctopus    have been confused in the past and are inconsistently identified. To clarify of the taxonomic diagnosis    Tremoctopus   violaceus    Delle Chiaje, 1830, an evaluation of morphological and meristic characters, as well as morphometric indices and genetic analyses, was undertaken. The analyzed octopod was an opportunistically collected mature female of 640 mm in total length, with a mantle length of 135 mm and a total weight of 1.02 kg. Evidence of autotomy as a defensive mechanism for protecting the egg mass is presented. The 16S haplotype sequenced from this specimen represents the first one publicly available for this species from the Gulf of Mexico. The genetic divergence between this haplotype and those reported from the Pacific Ocean is representative of interspecific variation in other taxa, which suggests that “   T.   violaceus   ” in the Pacific Ocean ( KY649286 ,  MN435565 , and  AJ252767 ) should be addressed as    T.   gracilis    instead. Genetic evidence to separate    T.   violaceus    and    T.   gracilis    is presented. The studied specimen from the Gulf of Mexico represents the westernmost known occurrence of    T.   violaceus    and the first record from the southwestern Gulf of Mexico.

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The first record of    Tremoctopus   violaceus    sensu stricto  Delle Chiaje,1830 in southwestern Gulf of Mexico gives a hint of the taxonomic status of    Tremoctopus   gracilis