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Fossils provide primary material evidence for the pattern and timing of evolution. The newly discovered “beast ants” from mid-Cretaceous Burmite, †   Camelosphecia    gen. nov. , display an exceptional combination of plesiomorphies, including absence of the metapleural gland, and a series of unique apomorphies. Females and males, represented by †   C.   fossor    sp. nov.  and †   C.   venator    sp. nov. , differ in a number of features which suggest distinct sexual biologies. Combined-evidence phylogenetic analysis recovers †   Camelosphecia    and †   Camelomecia    as a clade which forms the extinct sister group of the   Formicidae  . Notably, these genera are only known from alate males and females; workers, if present, have yet to be recovered. Based on ongoing study of the total   Aculeata   informed by the beast ant genera, we provide a brief diagnosis of the   Formicoidea  . We also provide the first comprehensive key to the major groupings of Mesozoic   Formicoidea  , alongside a synoptic classification in which †  Zigrasimeciinae   stat. nov.  and †   Myanmyrma   maraudera    comb. nov.  are recognized. Finally, a brief diagnosis of the   Formicoidea   is outlined.

† Camelosphecia gen. nov., lost ant-wasp intermediates from the mid-Cretaceous ( Hymenoptera , Formicoidea )