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The subgenusLaurentomantis   in the genus    Gephyromantis    contains some of the least known amphibian species of Madagascar. The six currently valid nominal species are rainforest frogs known from few individuals, hampering a full understanding of the species diversity of the clade. We assembled data on specimens collected during field surveys over the past 30 years and integrated analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded genes of 88 individuals, a comprehensive bioacoustic analysis, and morphological comparisons to delimit a minimum of nine species-level lineages in the subgenus. To clarify the identity of the species    Gephyromantis   malagasius   , we applied a target-enrichment approach to a sample of the 110 year-old holotype of    Microphryne   malagasia    Methuen and Hewitt, 1913 to assign this specimen to a lineage based on a mitochondrial DNA barcode. The holotype clustered unambiguously with specimens previously named    G.   ventrimaculatus   . Consequently we propose to consider    Trachymantis   malagasia   ventrimaculatus    Angel, 1935 as a junior synonym of    Gephyromantis   malagasius   . Due to this redefinition of    G.   malagasius   , no scientific name is available for any of the four deep lineages of frogs previously subsumed under this name, all characterized by red color ventrally on the hindlimbs. These are here formally named as    Gephyromantis   fiharimpe    sp. nov. ,    G.   matsilo    sp. nov. ,    G.   oelkrugi    sp. nov. , and    G.   portonae    sp. nov.  The new species are distinguishable from each other by genetic divergences of &gt;4% uncorrected pairwise distance in a fragment of the 16S rRNA marker and a combination of morphological and bioacoustic characters.    Gephyromantis   fiharimpe    and    G.   matsilo    occur, respectively, at mid-elevations and lower elevations along a wide stretch of Madagascar’s eastern rainforest band, while    G.   oelkrugi    and    G.   portonae    appear to be more range-restricted in parts of Madagascar’s North East and Northern Central East regions. Open taxonomic questions surround    G.   horridus   , to which we here assign specimens from Montagne d’Ambre and the type locality Nosy Be; and    G.   ranjomavo   , which contains genetically divergent populations from Marojejy, Tsaratanana, and Ampotsidy.

vertebrate zoology

An integrative taxonomic revision and redefinition of    Gephyromantis    (     Laurentomantis   )        malagasius    based on archival DNA analysis reveals four new mantellid frog species from Madagascar