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About 50 species of cave-obligate   Leptodirini   (  Leiodidae  ) beetles have been described so far in Romania, most of them populating caves in the Apuseni Mountains (north-western Romania) and the Southern Carpathians. In this contribution, we present the first molecular phylogeographic study of the two troglobiotic    Pholeuon    species from the Apuseni Mountains. The two species are   Pholeuon   (s.str.)   leptodirum   and   Pholeuon  ( Parapholeuon )  gracile  , endemic to Bihorului Mountains and Pădurea Craiului Mountains, respectively. To examine the genetic divergence within and between the two species we sequenced 571  bp  of the mitochondrial  COI  gene in a total of 145 specimens, 56 specimens of the first species (collected in five caves) and 89 of the second species (collected in eight caves) across their geographic ranges. We found very low genetic variation, four haplotypes in    P.   leptodirum    and seven haplotypes in    P.   gracile   , and a maximum of 0.7% and 0.9% intraspecific divergence, respectively. However, a significant genetic divergence of 6.55% was found between species. The results are consistent with previous definitions of the two species based on morphological characters, while caution should be taken in considering attributions to different subspecies. Our research contributes to the phylogeographic information of troglobitic beetles, providing a solid basis for future comparison with other terrestrial or aquatic cave adapted species.

﻿Comparative phylogeography of two troglobitic Coleoptera ( Leiodidae , Leptodirini ) species from Romania based on mitochondrial DNA

Comparative phylogeography of two troglobitic Coleoptera ( Leiodidae , Leptodirini ) species from Romania based on mitochondrial DNA