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A set of 69 specimens from 19 groundwater species of the genera    Niphargus   ,    Niphargellus   ,    Microniphargus    and    Crangonyx    was genetically screened for microsporidian infections. Samples mostly originated from groundwater-dependent spring environments (71%), natural caves (9%) and artificial caverns/tunnels (13%). Amphipod hosts were identified by morphology and/or molecular data, whereas microsporidian parasites were characterised by a genetic screening assay targeting a section of the small subunit rRNA gene.Five microsporidian species (   Dictyocoela   duebenum   ;    Nosema    sp.;    Hyperspora   aquatica    and two undescribed    Microsporidium    spp.) were revealed from 13 host specimens (   Niphargus   schellenbergi   ;    N.   aquilex    lineages B, F and G;    Niphargellus   arndti   ). In particular    N.   schellenbergi    was frequently infected with    D.   duebenum    as well as a new and potentially niphargid-specific    Nosema    sp. identified in    Niphargellus   arndti   .Our results shed further light on the still largely unknown diversity and specificity of microsporidian parasites in groundwater amphipods and subterranean animals in general.

Updates to the sporadic knowledge on microsporidian infections in groundwater amphipods ( Crustacea , Amphipoda , Niphargidae )