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The minute troglobitic species,    Zospeum   isselianum    Pollonera, 1887 (  Eupulmonata  :   Ellobioidea  ,   Carychiidae  ) is widely distributed within its Southern Alpine-Dinaric range. Its broad distribution and highly variable shell has caused this species to be historically lumped into its current taxonomic state of ambiguity. In an integrative taxonomic approach, phenotypic and genotypic data are synthesized to assess the intraspecific variability recently inferred for this taxon. We collected 16    Zospeum    specimens in the Slovenian Alpine Arc encompassing the type locality for    Z.   isselianum   . The material comprises five morphologically recognized (sub)species. The species are re-evaluated using  SEM , X-ray nanotomography ( nano-CT ), conchological, histological and molecular data.Four well-defined lineages are present, which can be attributed to i)    Z.   isselianum    s.str. from its new type locality (Turjeva jama), ii) a highly morphologically variable lineage that so far cannot be attributed to a single morphospecies, iii)    Z.   kupitzense    A. Stummer, 1984 (raised to species rank) and iv) a lineage comprising the two subspecies    Z.   alpestre   alpestre    (Freyer, 1855) and    Z.   alpestre   bolei    Slapnik, 1991 plus    Z.   isselianum    individuals. The latter is treated as a single taxon    Z.   alpestre   . After considering the severely degraded syntype material of    Zospeum   isselianum   , we provide a taxonomic re-description and propose a neotype for this species. Furthermore, new diagnostic information is revealed regarding the columella of    Zospeum   isselianum    and allied species. Detailed anatomical study reveals new structural aspects of    Zospeum    morphology and provides groundwork for future investigations.

subterranean biology

Groping through the black box of variability: An integrative taxonomic and nomenclatural re-evaluation of    Zospeum   isselianum    Pollonera, 1887 and allied species using new imaging technology (Nano-CT, SEM), conchological, histological and molecular data (  Ellobioidea  ,   Carychiidae  )